Transparency in design is used to create dense layered imagery with the use of colors and texture. Transparency allows for seeing through objects to view another object. Transparency can be used to mix two visual elements as well as make one image fade out against its background.
Modularity is a different kind of constraint. It’s a fixed element used within a larger system or structure. I think of it as working within a confined area, such as a grid.
A gris is a network of lines. Guidelines help designers align elements in relation to each other. Grids help with alignment and creating asymmetrical compositions rather than a static centered one. I love grids and need to build a folder with all the different grids to use.
Dots, stripes, and grids provide structure behind many designs. Patterns follow a repetitive principle. you can create patterns through shape and color. For modern graphic design purposes, though, I haven’t seen much pattern. I feel pattern takes dominance in fashion and interior design and art. I feel like pattern within functional graphic design (brochures, logos, etc) is very subtle and used as a transparent background. I think patterns are fun but can definitely be overwhelming and hard on the eyes especially when you’re trying to get a message across.
” A diagram is a graphic representation of a structure, situation, or process.” Diagrams allow us to see relationships and data that would be confusing if just presented in a list. It easier for our brains to process and understand. Graphs are easier understood visually using increments, intervals, size, change, colors, shapes. I think if you’re going to have a diagram you should also have a little map or guide to demonstrate what you are looking at, if it isn’t clear already. Diagrams can be used for fun illustration, but if there isn’t any context, I wouldn’t understand the importance of it and learning anything from it. But that’s just my science mind talking.
Fundamentals of Communication Design 
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